Research balloons are large, helium-filled balloons used to collect data from the atmosphere. They carry scientific instruments that measure various factors such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. These balloons can ascend to high altitudes, allowing researchers to gather information about weather patterns and climate change. Typically, research balloons are launched by organizations like NASA or NOAA. They can reach altitudes of up to 30 kilometers (about 18 miles) and remain in the air for several hours. The data collected helps scientists understand the Earth's atmosphere and improve weather forecasting models.