The term "Republican" primarily refers to a member or supporter of the Republican Party, one of the two major political parties in the United States. Founded in 1854, the party traditionally advocates for conservative policies, including limited government, lower taxes, and a strong national defense. Republicans often emphasize individual liberties and free-market principles. The party has produced several notable leaders, including Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president, and Ronald Reagan, who is celebrated for his economic policies and conservative values during the 1980s.