The Republic of Gran Colombia was a short-lived republic in South America that existed from 1819 to 1831. It was formed after the successful campaigns of Simón Bolívar, who aimed to unite several territories that had gained independence from Spanish rule. The republic included present-day countries such as Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. Gran Colombia faced numerous challenges, including political divisions and regional conflicts. These issues ultimately led to its dissolution in 1831, resulting in the establishment of separate nations. Despite its brief existence, Gran Colombia played a significant role in the region's struggle for independence and shaped the future of South America.