The Republic of Florence was a prominent city-state in Italy during the Renaissance, known for its cultural, political, and economic influence. Established in the late 13th century, it became a center for art, learning, and trade, attracting artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. The republic was governed by a series of elected officials and was characterized by its powerful banking families, particularly the Medici. Florence played a crucial role in the development of humanism and the arts, fostering innovations in literature, painting, and architecture. The republic's wealth came from its textile industry and banking, making it a hub for commerce in Europe. Its legacy continues to impact modern culture and art.