Reptile evolution began over 300 million years ago during the Carboniferous period. Early reptiles evolved from amphibian ancestors, adapting to life on land. They developed key features such as scaly skin, which reduced water loss, and amniotic eggs, allowing them to reproduce away from water. Throughout the Mesozoic era, reptiles diversified into various groups, including dinosaurs, crocodilians, and turtles. This period is often referred to as the "Age of Reptiles" due to their dominance on Earth. Today, reptiles continue to thrive, with over 10,000 species, showcasing the successful adaptations that have occurred over millions of years.