Renal anomalies refer to a variety of conditions that affect the structure and function of the kidneys, which are vital organs responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. These anomalies can include conditions such as renal agenesis, where one or both kidneys are absent, and horseshoe kidney, where the kidneys are fused together at the lower end. These conditions can be congenital, meaning they are present at birth, and may lead to complications such as high blood pressure or kidney failure. Diagnosis often involves imaging techniques like ultrasound or CT scans, and treatment varies based on the specific anomaly and its severity.