The Reformation Movement was a significant religious change that began in the early 16th century, primarily in Europe. It aimed to reform the practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, which many felt had become corrupt. Key figures like Martin Luther challenged the Church's authority, leading to the creation of new Christian denominations, such as Lutheranism and Calvinism. This movement emphasized the importance of personal faith and the interpretation of the Bible by individuals, rather than relying solely on church leaders. The Reformation not only transformed religion but also had lasting effects on politics, culture, and society across Europe.