The Reform War (1857-1861) was a conflict in Mexico between liberal and conservative factions. The liberals, led by figures like Benito Juárez, sought to implement reforms that would reduce the power of the church and the military, promote civil rights, and modernize the country. The conservatives opposed these changes, wanting to maintain traditional structures and privileges. The war was marked by significant battles and political turmoil, ultimately leading to the establishment of a more secular government. The victory of the liberals helped pave the way for the Reform Laws, which aimed to create a more equitable society and diminish the influence of the Catholic Church in Mexican politics.