Reflux, often referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This backward movement can cause symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. The condition happens when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle that normally keeps stomach contents from rising, weakens or relaxes inappropriately. Common triggers for reflux include certain foods, beverages, and lifestyle factors. Foods like chocolate, spicy dishes, and citrus fruits can exacerbate symptoms. Additionally, habits such as overeating, lying down after meals, and smoking may contribute to the frequency and severity of reflux episodes.