Refineries are industrial facilities that process crude oil into useful products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. They use various methods, including distillation and chemical reactions, to separate and transform the different components of crude oil. This process helps meet the energy needs of transportation, heating, and electricity generation. In addition to fuels, refineries also produce other valuable materials, such as lubricating oils and petrochemicals, which are used in manufacturing plastics and chemicals. The operation of a refinery involves complex systems and requires strict safety and environmental regulations to minimize pollution and ensure safe handling of hazardous materials.