A Red-Black tree is a type of self-balancing binary search tree that maintains its balance through specific properties. Each node in the tree is colored either red or black, and the tree follows rules that ensure no two red nodes are adjacent, the root is always black, and every path from a node to its descendant leaves contains the same number of black nodes. These properties help keep the tree balanced, ensuring that operations like insertion, deletion, and lookup can be performed in logarithmic time. This efficiency makes Red-Black trees useful in various applications, including databases and memory management.