Red wine varieties are classified based on the grape types used in their production. Common varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, known for its bold flavors and high tannins, and Merlot, which is typically softer and fruitier. Other popular options are Pinot Noir, celebrated for its elegance and complexity, and Syrah/Shiraz, recognized for its rich, spicy notes. Each red wine variety has unique characteristics influenced by factors such as climate, soil, and winemaking techniques. For instance, Zinfandel often exhibits jammy fruit flavors, while Malbec is known for its dark fruit and smoky undertones. Understanding these varieties can enhance the wine-tasting experience.