The Red Guards were a mass paramilitary social movement in China during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). They were mainly composed of young students who were encouraged by Mao Zedong to challenge traditional values and authority. Their goal was to promote communist ideology and eliminate perceived enemies of the state, often leading to violent confrontations and public humiliations. These groups played a significant role in the upheaval of Chinese society, targeting intellectuals, teachers, and anyone associated with the old ways. The Red Guards believed they were purifying the nation, but their actions often resulted in chaos and suffering, leaving a lasting impact on China's history.