The Cultural Revolution was a significant political movement in China that began in 1966 and lasted until 1976. Initiated by Mao Zedong, the leader of the Communist Party, its goal was to preserve communist ideology by removing capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. This period saw widespread chaos, as students formed groups called the Red Guards to challenge authority and promote revolutionary ideas. During the Cultural Revolution, many intellectuals, artists, and perceived enemies of the state faced persecution. Schools were closed, and cultural heritage was attacked, leading to the destruction of historical artifacts and sites. The movement aimed to reshape Chinese culture but ultimately caused great suffering and turmoil across the nation.