A recursive process is a method where a function calls itself to solve smaller instances of the same problem. This approach breaks down complex tasks into simpler, more manageable parts, allowing for easier problem-solving. Each call to the function works on a smaller piece of the original problem until it reaches a base case, which is a condition that stops the recursion. In computer science, recursive processes are commonly used in algorithms, such as those for sorting or searching data. They can also be found in mathematical concepts, like calculating factorials or Fibonacci numbers. Understanding recursion is essential for developing efficient solutions in programming and problem-solving.