Fractals are complex geometric shapes that can be split into parts, each of which is a reduced-scale copy of the whole. This property is known as self-similarity. Fractals can be found in nature, such as in the shapes of snowflakes, mountains, and trees, where similar patterns repeat at different scales. Mathematically, fractals are often created using iterative processes, where a simple rule is applied repeatedly to generate intricate designs. Famous examples include the Mandelbrot set and the Sierpiński triangle. Fractals have applications in various fields, including computer graphics, modeling natural phenomena, and even in art.