Randomization techniques are methods used in research to assign participants to different groups in a way that eliminates bias. This ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group, which helps to create comparable groups. Common methods include simple random sampling, where participants are selected randomly from a larger population, and stratified random sampling, where the population is divided into subgroups before random selection. These techniques are essential in fields like clinical trials and social sciences, as they enhance the validity of the results. By minimizing the influence of confounding variables, randomization helps researchers draw more accurate conclusions about the effects of interventions or treatments.