Railway coupling refers to the mechanism used to connect two railway vehicles, such as locomotives and freight cars, allowing them to operate as a single unit. This connection is essential for the safe and efficient movement of trains along railway tracks. Couplings can vary in design, with some allowing for flexibility and movement between cars while others provide a more rigid connection. There are different types of couplings, including knuckle couplings and buffer and chain couplings. Knuckle couplings are commonly used in North America, providing a secure connection that can easily be disengaged. Buffer and chain couplings, often found in Europe, use buffers to absorb shocks and chains to hold the cars together, ensuring stability during travel.