Rail electrification is the process of powering trains using electricity instead of traditional diesel or steam engines. This is achieved by installing overhead wires or electrified tracks, allowing trains to draw power as they move. Electrified rail systems are often more efficient and produce fewer emissions, making them a cleaner alternative for transportation. There are different types of rail electrification systems, including AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) systems. Each system has its advantages, such as AC being more suitable for long-distance travel, while DC is often used in urban transit systems. Overall, rail electrification enhances the sustainability of rail transport.