A raft foundation is a type of shallow foundation that spreads the load of a structure over a large area. It is typically used when the soil has low bearing capacity or when the loads from the building are heavy. By distributing the weight evenly, a raft foundation helps prevent excessive settlement and provides stability. Raft foundations are often constructed using reinforced concrete, which enhances their strength and durability. They are commonly used for buildings like high-rise structures and industrial facilities, where the ground conditions may be challenging. This foundation type can also reduce the need for deep foundations, making it a cost-effective solution.