Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, commonly known as Maimonides, was a prominent Jewish philosopher, theologian, and physician born in 1135 in Córdoba, Spain. He is best known for his works on Jewish law and ethics, particularly the Mishneh Torah, which systematically codifies Jewish law. Maimonides also wrote the influential philosophical text, Guide for the Perplexed, which addresses the relationship between religion and philosophy. Maimonides' contributions extended beyond Jewish thought; he was also a skilled physician and served as the court physician to the Sultan of Egypt. His ideas have had a lasting impact on both Jewish and Islamic philosophy, making him a key figure in the intellectual history of the Middle Ages.