The Quaternary Number System is a base-4 numeral system that uses four digits: 0, 1, 2, and 3. Each digit's position represents a power of 4, similar to how the decimal system uses powers of 10. For example, the quaternary number 132 represents 1 \times 4^2 + 3 \times 4^1 + 2 \times 4^0, which equals 26 in decimal. This system is often used in computer science and digital electronics, where it can simplify certain calculations and data representations. The quaternary system is less common than binary (base-2) or decimal (base-10) but can be useful in specific applications, such as error detection and data compression.