The Binary Number System is a base-2 numeral system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1. It is the foundation of computer systems and digital electronics, as computers process data in binary form. Each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost digit, which is 2^0. In contrast to the decimal system, which is base-10 and uses ten digits (0-9), binary simplifies calculations for electronic devices. For example, the binary number 1011 represents the decimal number 11 when calculated as 1×2^3 + 0×2^2 + 1×2^1 + 1×2^0.