Punishment Theory explores the justification and purpose of punishment in society. It examines why societies impose penalties on individuals who commit crimes or wrongdoings. The theory is often divided into several perspectives, including retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration, each offering different reasons for why punishment is necessary. Retribution focuses on the idea of moral vengeance, where offenders deserve to be punished for their actions. Deterrence aims to prevent future crimes by instilling fear of punishment. Rehabilitation seeks to reform offenders, while restoration emphasizes repairing harm done to victims and communities. Overall, Punishment Theory provides a framework for understanding the role of punishment in maintaining social order.