Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection (NTM) is caused by a group of bacteria known as nontuberculous mycobacteria, which are commonly found in soil and water. These bacteria can lead to lung infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or pre-existing lung conditions. Symptoms may include chronic cough, fatigue, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests, such as chest X-rays or CT scans, along with laboratory tests to identify the specific mycobacteria. Treatment often requires a prolonged course of antibiotics, as these infections can be difficult to eradicate and may require a combination of medications for effective management.