Pulmonary hypoplasia is a medical condition characterized by the underdevelopment of the lungs. This condition can occur due to various factors, including congenital anomalies, where the lungs do not grow to their normal size during fetal development. It can lead to breathing difficulties and other respiratory issues after birth. The severity of pulmonary hypoplasia can vary, and it is often associated with other conditions, such as diaphragmatic hernia or oligohydramnios, which is a low level of amniotic fluid. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes for affected infants.