Pulmonary disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the lungs and respiratory system. Common types include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. These diseases can cause symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, impacting a person's ability to breathe normally. The causes of pulmonary disease vary and may include long-term exposure to air pollutants, smoking, and genetic factors. Diagnosis typically involves medical history, physical examinations, and tests like spirometry or chest X-rays. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery.