The Pugwash Conferences are a series of international meetings focused on reducing the threat of nuclear weapons and promoting global peace. Founded in 1957 by scientists, including Joseph Rotblat, the conferences bring together experts from various fields to discuss issues related to disarmament and security. These gatherings aim to foster dialogue between scientists, policymakers, and the public, emphasizing the importance of scientific knowledge in addressing global challenges. The Pugwash movement has played a significant role in promoting arms control and has been recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for its efforts in advocating for nuclear disarmament.