Joseph Rotblat was a Polish-born physicist known for his work in nuclear physics and his strong advocacy for nuclear disarmament. He was born on November 4, 1908, and played a significant role in the Manhattan Project, which developed the first atomic bombs during World War II. However, he left the project upon realizing its potential for mass destruction. After the war, Rotblat dedicated his life to promoting peace and the ethical use of science. He co-founded the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, which brought together scientists and policymakers to discuss global security issues. In 1995, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in nuclear disarmament.