Puerto Rican history began with the arrival of the indigenous Taíno people, who inhabited the island long before European contact. In 1493, Christopher Columbus claimed Puerto Rico for Spain, leading to colonization and the establishment of sugar plantations, which relied heavily on enslaved labor. Over the centuries, the island changed hands during various conflicts, including the Spanish-American War in 1898, when the United States took control. Under U.S. rule, Puerto Rico underwent significant political and social changes. In 1952, it became a U.S. Commonwealth, allowing for some self-governance while still being subject to U.S. federal laws. Today, Puerto Rico continues to navigate its unique cultural identity and political status.