Pruning techniques involve the selective removal of specific parts of a plant, such as branches or buds, to improve its health, shape, and productivity. Common methods include thinning, which removes entire branches to increase light penetration, and heading back, which cuts back stems to promote bushier growth. Another technique is deadheading, where spent flowers are removed to encourage new blooms. Proper timing and tools are essential for effective pruning, as it can help prevent disease and stimulate growth. Understanding the specific needs of each plant species is crucial for successful pruning outcomes.