The Province of Upper Canada was established in 1791 as part of the British North America Act, dividing the Province of Quebec into two separate regions: Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Upper Canada, located primarily in what is now southern Ontario, was characterized by its fertile land and growing population, attracting settlers from Britain and the United States. The capital of Upper Canada was York, which later became known as Toronto. The province played a significant role in the development of Canada, particularly in agriculture and trade, and it was a key area during the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain.