The Province of Lower Canada was established in 1791 as part of the British North America Act, dividing the Province of Quebec into two separate entities: Upper Canada and Lower Canada. It encompassed the southern part of present-day Quebec, with its capital in Quebec City. The province was primarily inhabited by French Canadians, who maintained their language and culture. Lower Canada experienced significant political and social changes throughout the 19th century, including the Rebellions of 1837-1838, which were driven by demands for political reform. In 1841, Lower Canada was merged with Upper Canada to form the Province of Canada, leading to further developments in governance and society.