Provençal literature refers to the body of literary works produced in the Occitan language, primarily in the Provence region of southern France. It flourished during the Middle Ages, particularly in the 12th to 14th centuries, and is known for its rich tradition of troubadour poetry, which celebrated themes of love, chivalry, and nature. The most notable figures in Provençal literature include Bernart de Ventadorn and Arnaut Daniel, who contributed to the development of lyrical poetry. This literature played a significant role in the cultural exchange between France and Italy, influencing the Renaissance and the evolution of European poetry.