A protocol stack is a set of communication protocols that work together to enable data exchange over a network. Each layer of the stack has specific functions and responsibilities, allowing for organized and efficient communication. Commonly, the stack is divided into layers such as the application layer, transport layer, network layer, and link layer, each serving a distinct purpose. The most widely recognized protocol stack is the TCP/IP model, which underpins the internet. In this model, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ensures reliable data transmission, while the Internet Protocol (IP) handles addressing and routing. Together, these protocols facilitate seamless communication between devices, such as computers and servers.