The Properties of Operations refer to the rules that govern how numbers interact during mathematical operations. These properties include the Commutative Property, which states that the order of addition or multiplication does not change the result, and the Associative Property, which indicates that the grouping of numbers does not affect the outcome. Another important property is the Distributive Property, which allows you to multiply a number by a sum or difference by distributing the multiplication across each term. Understanding these properties helps simplify calculations and solve equations more efficiently.