Propensity Score Matching is a statistical technique used to reduce bias in observational studies. It involves pairing individuals from different groups based on their likelihood of receiving a treatment or intervention, known as the propensity score. This score is calculated using observed characteristics, allowing researchers to create comparable groups for analysis. By matching individuals with similar propensity scores, researchers can better isolate the effect of the treatment, making it easier to draw conclusions about its impact. This method helps ensure that differences in outcomes are more likely due to the treatment itself rather than other confounding factors.