Prolactin disorders involve abnormal levels of the hormone prolactin, which is produced by the pituitary gland. High levels, known as hyperprolactinemia, can lead to symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles in women and decreased libido in men. Causes may include pituitary tumors, certain medications, or other health conditions. Low levels of prolactin, or hypoprolactinemia, are less common but can also affect reproductive health. Both conditions can impact fertility and overall hormonal balance. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure prolactin levels, and treatment options vary based on the underlying cause.