Probabilistic algorithms are computational methods that use randomness to make decisions or solve problems. Instead of providing a definite answer, these algorithms offer a solution that is likely to be correct, often with a certain probability. They are particularly useful in situations where deterministic algorithms may be too slow or complex. These algorithms are commonly applied in fields like computer science, cryptography, and machine learning. For example, Monte Carlo methods use random sampling to estimate numerical results, while Las Vegas algorithms guarantee a correct answer but may vary in execution time.