Prime number sieving is a method used to identify prime numbers within a specific range. The most famous algorithm for this is the Sieve of Eratosthenes, which systematically eliminates the multiples of each prime number starting from 2. By marking these multiples, the remaining unmarked numbers are identified as primes. This technique is efficient for finding all prime numbers up to a given limit. It works by creating a list of numbers and progressively crossing out non-prime numbers. The result is a clear set of prime numbers, which are essential in various fields, including cryptography and number theory.