Price gouging occurs when sellers increase the prices of goods or services to an unfair level, often during emergencies or crises. This practice typically takes advantage of consumers who are in urgent need of essential items, such as food, water, or medical supplies. Many governments have laws against price gouging to protect consumers from exploitation. These laws often define a specific percentage increase in prices that is considered excessive, especially during natural disasters or public health emergencies, ensuring that essential goods remain accessible to those in need.