Power optimizers are devices used in solar energy systems to enhance the performance of individual solar panels. They work by maximizing the energy output of each panel, especially in situations where some panels may be shaded or facing different directions. This ensures that the overall energy production of the solar array is increased. These devices are typically installed on the back of each solar panel and communicate with a central inverter. By monitoring the performance of each panel, power optimizers can adjust the voltage and current to optimize energy harvest, leading to improved efficiency and reliability of the solar power system.