Potato Virus Y (PVY) is a plant virus that primarily affects potato crops, leading to significant economic losses in agriculture. It is transmitted mainly by aphids and can cause symptoms such as leaf curling, yellowing, and stunted growth. Infected plants may produce fewer tubers and lower-quality yields. Controlling PVY involves using resistant potato varieties, managing aphid populations, and practicing crop rotation. Regular monitoring and testing of plants can help detect the virus early, allowing farmers to take action to minimize its spread and impact on their harvests.