Postmodern thinkers challenge traditional ideas about knowledge, truth, and culture. They argue that meaning is not fixed and can vary based on context, perspective, and social influences. Key figures include Jean-François Lyotard, who emphasized the importance of diverse narratives, and Michel Foucault, who explored how power shapes knowledge and societal norms. These thinkers often critique grand narratives or ideologies, suggesting that they oversimplify complex realities. They highlight the role of language and representation in shaping our understanding of the world. Postmodernism has influenced various fields, including literature, art, and architecture, encouraging a more fragmented and pluralistic approach to interpretation.