After World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones controlled by the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Soviet Union. This division led to the establishment of two separate countries in 1949: West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and East Germany (German Democratic Republic). The division was marked by differing political systems, with West Germany adopting a democratic government and a market economy, while East Germany became a socialist state under Soviet influence. The division of Germany lasted until 1990, when the country was reunified after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The reunification process involved significant economic and social challenges, as East Germany struggled to transition from a planned economy to a market-based system. Today, Germany is a leading European nation, known for its strong economy, cultural heritage, and commitment to democracy.