East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country that existed from 1949 to 1990. It was established after World War II when Germany was divided into two parts: East and West. The GDR was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union, and its capital was East Berlin. Life in East Germany was marked by strict government control, limited freedoms, and a focus on heavy industry. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolized the end of East Germany and the reunification of Germany. Many East Germans sought greater freedom and opportunities, leading to significant political changes. The reunification process began in 1990, ultimately transforming the region into a part of modern Germany.