Post-Communist countries are nations that transitioned from a communist political system to a more market-oriented economy and democratic governance after the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. This group includes countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, such as Poland, Hungary, and Czech Republic, which underwent significant political and economic reforms. These countries faced various challenges during their transition, including economic instability, social inequality, and the need to establish new political institutions. Many have since joined international organizations like the European Union and have made strides in developing their economies and democratic practices.