Portuguese fado is a traditional music genre that originated in Portugal, characterized by its expressive and melancholic style. It often features themes of longing, love, and nostalgia, reflecting the Portuguese concept of saudade, a deep emotional state of yearning. Fado is typically performed by a solo singer, accompanied by a guitar or Portuguese guitar, creating a haunting and soulful atmosphere. The genre has roots in the early 19th century, particularly in the neighborhoods of Lisbon. Fado is recognized for its unique vocal techniques and improvisational elements, making each performance distinct. In 2011, it was inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list, highlighting its cultural significance.