The Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1654) was a conflict between Portugal and Spain that aimed to restore Portugal's independence after 60 years of Spanish rule. The war began when Portuguese nobles revolted against the Spanish crown, leading to a series of battles and skirmishes. The conflict ended with the Treaty of The Hague in 1661, which recognized Portugal's sovereignty. The war was significant in shaping the national identity of Portugal and marked the decline of Spanish dominance in the region, allowing Portugal to regain its status as an independent nation.