Porous materials are substances that contain tiny holes or pores, allowing fluids or gases to pass through them. These materials can be found in various forms, such as natural substances like rocks and soil, or synthetic products like foam and ceramics. Their unique structure makes them useful in many applications, including filtration, insulation, and storage. The porosity of a material is often measured by its pore size and volume. This characteristic influences how well the material can absorb liquids or gases, making porous materials essential in industries like construction, environmental science, and medicine. Understanding their properties helps in designing better products and solutions.